World energy outlook 2015 download Pc#

The World Energy Project System (WEPS) is an accounting framework that incorporates projects from independently documented models and assumptions about the future energy intensity of economic activity (ratios of total energy consumption divided by gross domestic product) and about the rate of incremental energy requirements met by hydropower, geothermal, coal, and natural gas to produce projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) (Figure 1). As noted above, foreign projections of electricity demand are now projected as part of the WEPS. In addition, the NEMS Coal Export Submodule (CES) was used to derive flows in international coal trade. Alternatively, nuclear capacity projections were developed using two methods: the lower reference case projections were based on analysts` knowledge of the nuclear programs in different countries the upper reference case was generated by the World Integrated Nuclear Evaluation System (WINES)-a demand-driven model.

World energy outlook 2015 download Pc#

Nuclear consumption projections were derived from the International Nuclear Model, PC Version (PC-INM). Reference case projections of foreign oil production and consumption were prepared using the International Energy Module of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The reference case projections of total foreign energy consumption and of natural gas, coal, and renewable energy were prepared using EIA`s World Energy Projection System (WEPS) model. Summary tables of the IEO96 world energy consumption, oil production, and carbon emissions projections are provided in Appendix A. Prospects for individual fuels are discussed. IEA Recognizes Gas Industry for its Environmental Performance in Unconventional Resource Development.This International Energy Outlook presents historical data from 1970 to 1993 and EIA`s projections of energy consumption and carbon emissions through 2015 for 6 country groups. Accelerated investments in technology and innovation to drive higher efficiency levels should be supported..Forms of effective regulations and carbon pricing to stimulate switching from coal to natural gas.Policies to stimulate the integration of renewables and natural gas in electricity markets. For example, given the urgent need for more energy storage capacity as a result of the growth of intermittent renewables, and the limitations of current electricity storage means, the possibilities of using the existing natural gas storage and transmission systems as a form of energy storage (power-to-gas) should be promoted.Policies to stimulate greater use of natural gas in transport. The WEO-2015 notes that “the fastest growth rate in natural gas consumption, albeit from a low base, is in the transportation sector, in the form of compressed natural gas (primarily for passenger vehicles) and LNG (for trucks and maritime transport).”.The IGU will present a report that provides substantial proof of how some of the major mega-cities of the world have been able to achieve this. Where such policies are lacking, coal-fired power production remains dominant. Policies to stimulate coal-to-gas switching in the power sector. These have led to substantial impovement to air quality and reductions in CO2-emissions, for example in the United States.